The interaction strength is directly proportional to the population of each city and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. These various types of flow could be of people, information, commodities, money, labor, and pretty much anything else that moves between two locations. However, the model has been expanded to show that it may explain different types of flow. Initially, this was used only to account for migration from one place to another. The strength of the interaction between the two cities determines flow between the two cities. To explain the mathematical relationship, it is the strength of the interaction between two cities (we will assume they are cities for the sake of simplicity for this article, although you should still keep in mind that it could refer to any political or geographical subdivision) is determined by multiplying the population of one city by the population of the second, dividing by the square of the distance between the two cities. However, the number is usually just reported without units. The strength of this interaction can be calculated by the formula below: Newton’s Law is applied to urban geography in the sense that it determines the strength of the interaction between two urban geographical regions, which can be cities, metropolitan areas, countries, etc. To understand a gravity model definition, you should understand that it is called the gravity model because it is related to Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravitation, which predicts the gravitational force between two objects. The gravity model helps to give a clearer understanding of the distribution and size of cities while also providing useful explanations of interactions among networks among cities. When discussing urban geography, more particularly cities and urban land use, it is important to understand the gravity model, as we will discuss in this study guide.
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